Survey Method

1. Survey, content analysis and experiments are all __________________?
ANSWER: research method.

2. 2 types of survey are interview and questionnaire survey. What are the differences- explain?

ANSWERS:
(a) INTERVIEW
- Need the presence of an interview
- Is a qualitative research so researchers will get a qualitative result which is more in-dept and details about the topic that the researcher is investigating.
- It is an unstructured question. ( questions are not fixed )

EXAMPLE:- (a) Do you agree with illegal downloading? Why?
                      (b) In your opinion, do you think that media violence is getting more serious? Why?

(b) QUESTIONNAIRE
- Do not need the presence of an interview because the questions are fixed.
- It's a quatitative research. Researchers will get a quantitave result which shows percentage, ratio and numbers.

3. How many different types of QUESTIONNAIRE survey can you think of? Why are there different types and what issues do we have to consider when choosing each type of survey method? Briefly explain.

Factors:- Time, Cost, Population, Efficiency
(a) Mail Survey
- common survey methodology that can be filled up in privacy.
- Mail survey has a high degree of "anonymity" so that survey which has sensitive information can get a better response from the respondent.
- Mail survey fall to the bottom of priority list.
- Mail survey is actually non response where respondent can look over the survey whether a not they wish to participate it or not.

One-to-one Interview
- extensive amount of labor due to time and travel required to complete these survey.
- methodology might be effective because researchers may get a more in-depth information but with this survey researchers cannot reach to a larger popularity of people.

Online surveys
- easier because researchers get information faster quickly with a larger group of people.
- researchers can have a good data collection.
- difficult to ensure who is actually completing the survey because it naturally eliminated people from the survey process especially the elderly.

Telephone surveys
- reach out to your customer or prospect group, achieving a much greater control over the sample base
- provide a rapid and timely reading on the marketplace or consumer base, and can be deployed it quickly compared to mail or personal one-on-one interviews.
- it is a cost effective compare to other surveys
- afford more discreet anonymity for the respondent and that proven that respondent will give a more honest reply.
- possibility of obtaining a more complete and accurate results.
- more flexible by allowing interaction and exchange between interviewers and respondents
- more effective for controlling time frame and sample quotes on randomized bias.

4. Discuss the differences (including their respective advantages and disadvantages) between open-ended and close-ended survey.

Definition
Open ended question = requires respondents to generate their own answers.

ADVANTAGES
1) Give respondents freedom in answering the questions and an opportunity to provide in-depth responses. (answers may not be predicted)
2) Allow answers that researchers did nit foresse in designing the questionnaire
3) Useful in pilot test (determine the variables of phenomenon)

DISADVANTAGES
1) Collecting and analyzing the responses is time consuming ( respondent may not want to answer it and leave it blank)

Definition
Close ended question = requires respondents to select/ pick am answer from a list provided by the researchers

ADVANTAGE
1) popular (provide a greater uniformly in responses the answers are easy to quantify.

DISADVANTAGES
1) researchers often fail to include some important responses.
2)Solution to it :- include an "other" response. Followed by a blank space.

5) List 4 types of close-ended survey questions and briefly explain what each type is like.
 a)Dischotomous Response Question
- Question that consists :
           . Agree/Disagree
           . Yes/No
b) Multiple-Choice Question
- Allow respondent to choice answer
- include all respondents
- must be mutually (response option per question)
- can also use rating scales, semantic differential scale, rank-ordering technique

c) Checklist Question
- often used in pilot studies to refine questions for the final project. (can pick multiple answers)

d) Force-choice Question
- used media studies designed to gather information (like lifestyles)
- always listed in pairs
-it's usually long
-has repeated question but in a different form but in a same topic
- psychology type of forcing people to answer the question.

6. Your study investigates "Teenagers in Malaysia and their attitude towards online piracy." give 3 examples of open-ended survey question.
ANSWER: 1) What do you think of illegal downloads?
                  2) What do you think of online piracy?
                  3) In your opinion, do you think online piracy will effect the financial state of the entertainment                      
                      business?

7. For the same study above, give 3 examples of close-ended survey questions,complete with their answer responses?
ANSWER: 1) Would you download unlicensed movie? (Yes/No)
                   2) Do you agree with online piracy? (Agree/Disagree)
                   3) Do you think online piracy will affect the entertainment business? (Yes/No)

8) For MCQ survey questions, responses should be also be "exhaustive"-what does this mean? Give example with exhaustive responses and 1 example with non-mutually exclusive responses.
ANSWER:
\                EXHAUSTIVE
                 - should cover everything that everybody can answer.
                 - every answer must potentially be there in the survey.
                 
EXAMPLE FOR NON EXHAUSTIVE:
                           - What is your favourite colour? (Red,Green,Blue) How about pink?
                            *(the responses are unstructured (which means non-exhaustive) data invalid. Therefore, we must make sure all the options are there.

               EXAMPLE FOR EXHAUSTIVE: 
                - How old are you?
                          A. 10-20   B. 30-40   C. 50-60

         
9. For MCQ survey questions, responses should also be "mutually exclusive"- what does this mean? Give 1 example with mutually exclusive responses and 1 example with non-mutually exclusive responses.
Meaning: a unit of analysis can be placed in one and only one category
     
EXAMPLE (NON-MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE) :
- How many TV that you own?
  A. 0-2 B. 2-4 C. 5-7 D. 7 and above

* A&B is overlapped that is why answer is not true because respondents may be thinking which one to choose
EXAMPLE MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE: 
- How many radios do you own?
A. 0-2 B. 3-5 C. 6-8 D. 8 and above (Answers do not overlap)

10. When phrasing your survey questions, how should you word them and what should you avoid?
              - Always make the questions clear.
              - Keep the questions short.
              - Remembering the purpose of the research
              - Do not asked double-barreled questions (which means two or more questions in the same quest)
              - Avoid leading questions that suggest a certain response
              - D not used questions that ask for high detailed information
11. Describe what design characteristics a good questionnaire should exhibit (layout,placement of questions,introduction etc.)

INTRODUCTION
 - should be kept short
 - must be serious
 - non-threatening question
 - must be neutral
 - must be pleasant but firm

INSTRUCTION
- must be specific when it is mail surveys and self-administered questionnaires because some respondents may not be able to ask the questions about the survey because the researchers is not with them.

QUESTIONS
- must be simple or easy to answer. (if it's difficult the respondents may not be able to answer)
- preliminary questions must have a motivation so that it can create an interest in the questionnaire whereas demographic data, personal questions and other sensitive items must be placed at the end of the questionnaire.

LAYOUT
- must be nicely type out
- not cramped
- consistent format

LENGTH
- must be short so that it can have a higher completion rate.